Guide · Move-in

Move-in condition report in California: the baseline the deposit depends on

Everything a security deposit conversation will turn on is decided on day one. A move-in condition report fixes, photo by photo and room by room, the state of the property before the keys change hands, so that at move-out the question is what changed, not who remembers what. Here is what to document, what California law expects, and when to do it.

At a glance

The move-in record in four facts.

Jul 1, 2025Since this date, California landlords must photograph the condition of the unit at the start of the tenancy to support any later deposit deduction (AB 2801).
Pre-existingWhat the move-in record shows as already worn or damaged cannot be charged to the tenant at move-out. What it does not show becomes a matter of proof, and the burden of proof is on the landlord.
4 yearsThe suggested retention for the record and its photographs: at least four years after the tenancy ends (Code of Civil Procedure § 337).
Both sidesThe same document serves the landlord who will need to justify a deduction and the tenant who will need to contest one. That is why who produces it matters.

Day one is the only moment when the condition of the property can be recorded before anything is at stake. Every later conversation is measured against it.

Definition

What is a move-in condition report, and what is it for?

A move-in condition report is a dated, photo-documented record of the state of a rental at the start of a tenancy, room by room and element by element. It is the baseline: at move-out, the condition of the property is compared against it, and under California law the landlord needs it to justify any deduction from the security deposit.

  • It records facts, not opinions: what is there, what state it is in, how clean it is. It does not say whether the unit is a good deal or whether a defect matters.
  • It is the photographic record AB 2801 asks landlords to make at the start of a tenancy, and the document a tenant relies on to keep pre-existing wear off the final bill.
  • It is not a French style état des lieux signed by both parties as a lease annex, which California law does not require, and it is not a home inspection: nothing is tested or dismantled, only what is visible is recorded.
Contents

What should a move-in condition report document?

Every room, every element in it, with a photograph and a note on its condition and cleanliness: walls, floors, ceilings, doors and windows, fixtures and equipment, plus the keys handed over, the meter readings and the safety detectors. The more systematic the record, the less room there is to argue later.

Structure and finishes

Walls and paint, floors, ceilings, doors, windows and their frames, baseboards and trim, in every room. Wide shots for context, close-ups for every mark, chip or stain.

Fixtures and equipment

Kitchen counters and cabinets, sinks and faucets, bathroom fixtures, the appliances present and their visible state. Presence and appearance, not performance.

Cleanliness, room by room

A cleanliness level per room, because a landlord can only deduct the cleaning needed to bring the unit back to the level it had at move-in. Without a baseline, that level is a matter of opinion.

Keys, meters, detectors

The keys and fobs handed over and their counts, the opening meter readings, and the smoke and carbon monoxide detectors present, photographed.

What the unit must have on day one

California requires a habitable unit: working locks, heating, hot and cold water, sound windows and doors, working detectors and, for leases signed, modified or renewed since January 1, 2026, a working stove and refrigerator. Noting their presence protects everyone.

Timestamped photos and video

Every photograph dated and tied to its room, and a continuous video walkthrough so nothing falls between two frames.

The legal frame

What does California law say about move-in documentation?

Since AB 2801, a landlord who wants to deduct anything from a security deposit at the end of a tenancy needs photographs of the unit taken at the start of it, for tenancies beginning on or after July 1, 2025. The rest of Civil Code § 1950.5 sets the frame around that record: what a deposit can cover, who has to prove what, and for how long the evidence matters.

Rule
What it means at move-in
Reference
Move-in photographs
Required for tenancies starting July 1, 2025 or later. No move-in photos, no documentary basis for a later deduction.
AB 2801 (2024)
Pre-existing defects
Whatever the record shows as already worn or damaged cannot be charged to the tenant at move-out. Whatever it does not show is a question of proof, which the law places on the landlord.
Civil Code § 1950.5
Deposit cap
One month of rent, two for qualifying small landlords. The deposit cannot be made non-refundable.
Civil Code § 1950.5(c), AB 12
Burden of proof
It is on the landlord to show that a deduction is reasonably necessary and supported by evidence. The move-in record is where that evidence begins.
Civil Code § 1950.5
Retention
Keep the record and the photographs at least four years after the tenancy, the period during which a claim can still be brought.
Code of Civil Procedure § 337
Who produces it

Who should produce the move-in record: the landlord, the tenant, or a third party?

Anyone can take photographs, and both parties should. But a record produced by one of the parties reads as that party's version of events. A record produced by a neutral third party, signed on site, is the one both sides can accept without arguing about who held the camera.

For owners and property managers

Your move-in photographs are the foundation of every deduction you may need to make. A record produced by someone with no stake in the deposit is harder to contest, and it is produced the same way on every unit, whoever is on your team that day.

For tenants

Keep your own dated photographs too, whoever makes the official record, and check that what you see matches what was written. What is documented as worn on day one stays off your bill on the last day.

Who writes the record decides what it is worth. A document neither side authored is the one that ends the argument instead of starting it.

Timing

When should the move-in record be made, and what if the tenant has already moved in?

Ideally on the day the keys change hands or just before, while the unit is empty and clean, so the record shows exactly what the tenant received. A record made a few days later still fixes a date and a state; it simply carries less weight the further it gets from day one.

Before the handover

The unit is empty and cleaned. This is the cleanest moment to document: every wall is visible, every floor uncovered, and the cleanliness level is the one the tenant will be held to.

The day of the keys

The record is made, the keys are counted, the meters are read, and everyone present signs. If the tenant is there, walk through together: a shared record is worth more than two separate ones.

The first days

Many leases give the tenant a few days to report pre-existing defects in writing. That window is set by the lease, not by the statute, so read yours and use it: anything raised then joins the record.

Later in the tenancy

A record made after move-in is still a dated, photo-documented state of the property. It cannot prove what the unit looked like on day one, but it fixes a reference point for everything that happens after.

Go deeper

The rules behind the record.

The move-in record only makes sense inside California deposit law. Two guides go further: the complete AB 2801 reference, with every deadline and figure, and the line between normal wear and deductible damage. A third defines the condition report itself.

Get the baseline before the keys change hands.

Scoutmyplace produces independent move-in condition reports across Los Angeles: every room documented with timestamped photos and video by a trained scout with no stake in the deposit, signed on site, delivered within 24 hours and kept on file for four years.